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TCP/IP suit was created by the Department of Defense to ensure and preserve data integrity.OSI Model is the theoretical model while The practical model used in modern networks is the TCP/IP model. DoD Model OSI Model Protocols Used Function Process/ Application Application Telnet,      FTP,  LPD, SNMP, TFTP, SMTP, NFS, X Window Defines protocols for node-to-node application communication and also controls user-interface specifications. Presentation Session Host-to-Host Transport TCP, UDP Defines protocols for transmission service, creates reliable end-to-end error free communication, handles packet-sequencing and maintains data integrity. Internet Network ICMP, ARP, IP RARP, EIGRP, IGRP, OSPF Designates the packet for transmission over network, provides IP addresses to hosts and handles routing of packets among multiple networks. Networ...

1. Protocols             Protocol is a same set of rules and regulations for the communication between two different machines on the same layer level. Example                                Company “A”                                                       Company “B”   1.       G.M (Application)                             ...