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VLSM :Variable Length Subnet Mask. Also called as Subnetting of Subnetting.Subnetting is used to break the network equally.If these networks are subnetted again, different subnets may have different subnet mask values, also called as Variable length subnet mask. With VLSM, IP addressing scheme is used more efficiently without wastage. we effectively reduce IP's wastege.(See Wan Links of above diagram) Route Summarization: Generally Supernetting concept is used in router advertisements, called as route summarization,combines network addresses of same class into one single address to reduce the size of the routing table.It is done on core router to reduce the size of routing table.It is implemented by ISP (internet service providers). For example , you may want to supernet the networks 192.168.10.0 and 192.168.11.0 to make a single, large network. Following two lines are the conversions of the above network addresses to binaries and the last line is the new subnet mask. 110...

Before Going to Subnetting Examples put attention on below Slide it will help to solve exam Question: Subnetting Class C: Subnetting Class B: Subnetting Class A:  Note:According to Cisco in Subnetting First and Last Subnet is not Valid because 1st subnet contain Network Address of IP whom we go to Subnet in Last subnet Contain Broadcast Address,Practically we used that subnets otherwise it will wastage of IP's.Normally in exam question may be mention that 1st/last subnet included or excluded. Be Prepare for Quiz.In Next Post i Will explain VLSM and Route Summarization.

An IP address which loses its default values in a class is called classless IP addresses. The default value of class A IP address is 8 network bits and 24 host bits, default value of Class B IP address consists of 16 network bits and 16 host bits and default values of Class C IP address is 24 network bits and 8 host bits. If the network bits in Class A become 9 then it is classless IP address. The decimal value of each octet cannot exceed than 255 in an IP address,Because Using 8 bits Max Value 255 or Combination we can form is 256 (0-255). Internet Engineering Task Force provide the following short term solutions to the IPv4 addresses shortage: Ø Subnetting Ø Variable Length in Subnetting Ø Classless Interdomain routing Ø Private IP addresses ØNAT (Network Address Translation) Subnetting is the process of Dividing a Single Network into Multiple networks.,If we borrow some Bits from Host Portion and Add in the Network Portion it is called Subnetting or more simply Conver...