Lecture 1(a): Basics Of Networking

The Lecture 1 will Complete 3 or more Post So Dont Worry we will cover everything,1st Lecture will Applicable for Both CCNA and MCITP/MCSE.So Clear Your Concept.You Can Ask any Question in end of the Post(Comment Form).Don't Hasitate to ask any Question:

Lets Start From Network:

          A network is a collection of computers connected together.

NETWORKING:

                  is a process of communication between the interconnected devices basically to share the network resources.

Benefits of Networking:

1. Share resources.

 i) Data                      

ii) Hardware

2. Share S/W
3. Sharing of license

Network is a collection of computers connected together to get benefited from networking.

Types of Networks:

Nearly every type of network is an “area network.” The most common categories of computer networks include the following –

1.  Local Area Network (LAN)
2.  Wide Area Network (WAN)
3.  Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
4.  Storage Area Network (SAN)
5.  System Area Network (SYAN) 
6.  Server Area Network (SRAN)
7.  Small Area Network (SMAN)
8.  Personal Area Network (PAN)
9.  Desk Area Network (DAN)
10.  Controller Area Network (CAN)
11.  Cluster Area Network (CAN) 

Here we will discuss only LAN,MAN WAN,LAN,WAN can be define by 2 ways:by distance/area

cover and Connectivity Based which will i discuss in next Post.

LAN: - A LAN supplies network capability to a group of computers in close proximity to each other such as in an office building, a school, or a home. LANs are useful for sharing resources like files, printers, games or other applications. A LAN in turn often connects to other LANs, and to the Internet or some other WAN. Most LANs are built with relatively inexpensive hardware such as Ethernet cables, network adapters, and hubs. 

WAN: - As the term implies, a wide-area network spans a large physical distance. A WAN like the Internet spans most of the world. A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of LANs. A network device called a Router connects LANs to a WAN. In IP networking, the router maintains both a LAN address and a WAN address.

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) connects an area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city, with dedicated or high-performance hardware.

TYPES OF NETWORKS: - Based on the roles of computers attached to them, networks are divided into three types:-

1.     Client-Server  (Domain) – It Contains clients and servers that support them.
2.     PEER TO PEER (Workgroup) – It has no servers and uses the network to share resources  among  independent peers.
3.     HYBRID NETWORK – This is a client-server n/w that also, has peers sharing resources. Most networks are actually hybrid networks.In my Company i deployed that Network.

What is Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast?

Broadcast:

The process of sending data frame or packet that is transmitted to every node

 Unicast:
It is Direct host-to-host or single host to single host communication process.
 Multicast:
Any communication between a single sender and multiple receiver unlike the broadcast massages which are send to all nodes in network.

  

Networking devices:

Hubs, Switches, Routers and NICs.

HUB: Hub is a centralized device provides communication among systems when we have more than 2 computers we need to have a device called hub to interconnect.

Disadvantage of a Hub:

When we want to transfer some data from one system to another system.

If our network has 24 systems the data packet instead of being sent only to the destined system it is being send to all the network participants. (i.e. 24 systems.)

Hubs follow broadcasting

SWITCH: It is an advanced version over a Hub.

The main benefit of switch is Unicast. Data packets are transmitted only to the target computer instead of all.

Switch maintains a table called MIT (Mac Information Table.) which is generated as soon as we turn on the switch, which acts like an index table and easy the process of finding the networked system. MIT contains the port no, IP address and MAC address.

MAC: (Media Access Control): It is an address burnt in the NIC by the manufacturer.

MAC address is of 48 bits in the farm of Hexa decimal.

Every NIC has its own unique MAC address.

MAC address determines the physical location of a system.

ROUTER: Router is a device connects two different networks.

                Class A network with Class C network etc(we will Cover it in IP addressing).

Routing is a process of communication between two different networks.

Lecture is End :-)