Lecture 5(a): IP Addressing

IP address is the logical part of the network. Also called as logical address. ip address should be unique in the network. Ip address has devided into five classess. Class A to E.

We can be using only Class A,B,C and D for Multicasting and E for R&D purpose.

An IP address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s.
To make the IP address easier to use, the address is usually written as four decimal numbers separated by periods.
This way of writing the address is called the dotted decimal format.
Every IP address has two parts:

1.Network
2.Host
IP address divided into classes
A,B and C to define large, medium and small networks.
                                          

Reserved IP Addresses
  1. Certain host addresses are reserved and cannot be assigned to devices on a network.
  2. An IP address that has binary 0s in all host bit positions is reserved for the network address.
  3. An IP address that has binary 1s in all host bit positions is reserved for the  broadcast address.
IP Address Classes:

• Class A

– N.H.H.H

– 1-126

– 0 can not be used as Net ID

– 127 is reserved for loop back functions

– 126 Different Networks

– 16.777.214 Hosts per Network

• Class B

– N.N.H.H

– 128-191

– The first IP Address is the NET ID

– The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address

– 16.384 Different Networks

– 65534 Hosts per Network

• Class C

– N.N.N.H

– 192-223

– The first IP Address is the NET ID

– The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address

– 2.097.152 Different Networks

– 254 Hosts per Network

 IP Private Addresses

No two machines that connect to a public network can have the same IP address because public IP addresses are global and standardized.

Private IP addresses are a solution to the problem of the exhaustion of public IP addresses. Addresses that fall within these ranges are not routed on the Internet backbone:






  1. Connecting a network using private addresses to the Internet requires the usage of NAT.( Network Address Translation)
  2. There are certain address in each class that are not assigned. These are called private addresses.
  3. Private addresses are not routed on the internet.
  4. Network Address Translation (NAT) can be used to connect these Private Networks to the Internet.

Subnet Mask Address:

Differentiate which part of an IP address is the network field and which part is the host field.

 Follow these steps to determine the subnet mask:

 1. Express the subnetwork IP address in binary form.

 2. Replace the network and subnet portion of the address with all 1s.

 3. Replace the host portion of the address with all 0s.

 4. Convert the binary expression back to dotted-decimal notation.
 

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